Fatwa Sheikh Muhammad Ali Farkus
Question:
What is the ruling on a person who fasts on the first day of Ramadan in his country, then fasts on the second day in the country he is going to, and the residents of that country fast twenty-nine days (29 days), while he only fasts twenty-eight days (28 days)? Does he continue to fast on days when people in his country break their fast, or does he break his fast with them and make up for the remainder of his fast? So what is the ruling on someone who experiences the opposite, where he fasts in his country one day before the destination country, then what should he do if the residents of that country fast for thirty days (30 days)? Is it permissible to fast thirty-one days (31 days)? Please give us an explanation.
Jazakumullahu khairan.
Answer:
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. Shalawat and greetings are poured out to the Prophet Muhammad SAW who was sent as a blessing to the whole world, as well as to his family, friends and followers until the day of judgment. But not.
The original law is that a Muslim fasts and breaks the fast with his congregation, the majority of Muslims, and their leaders wherever they are, both with the people of their own country and with the people of other countries. This is based on the words of the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam,
Fasting is a day of fasting, breaking the fast is a day of breaking the fast, and Eid al-Adha is a day of sacrifice.
“Fasting is on the day you all fast; breaking the fast (of Eid) is on the day you all observe Eid; and Eid al-Adha is the day you all make sacrifices.” [1]
The meaning of the obligation to fast and break the fast together in congregation in the hadith is what is made argument (proof) by Aisyah radhiyallahu ‘anha towards Masruq when he was reluctant to fast on the day of Arafah because he was worried that it would be the day Food (Eid al-Adha). Masruq said,
“I met Aisyah on the day of Arafah, and she said, ‘Give Masruq a drink with sawiq (a drink made from wheat/flour) and increase the sweet mixture.’”
Masruq said, “I said, ‘Indeed, there is nothing preventing me from fasting today except that I am afraid that today is the day of Nahr.’ So Aisyah said, ‘The day of Nahr is when humans (all) make sacrifices, and the day of breaking the fast (Eid al-Fitr) is when humans (all) break their fast’.” [2]
From this explanation it can be understood that in worship that is carried out together (in congregation), such as fasting during Ramadan, breaking the fast, making sacrifices and celebrating holidays, as well as similar worship, personal opinions or desires cannot be used as a benchmark. They cannot do it alone (alone), and cannot join other congregations other than the congregation (community) in their midst. On the other hand, matters of worship, whether fasting or breaking the fast, must follow the leader (imam) and the local congregation where they are.
If he has to follow this provision, then: If he breaks the fast (only) for less than twenty-nine days in the country to which he moves, then he must make up after that what is less than his fast. This is because of the moon qamariyah (Hijria) not less than twenty-nine days and not more than thirty days, based on the words of the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam,
We are an illiterate nation. We don’t write or count. The month is like this and like this.
“Indeed, we are a people who are ummi (do not write or count). There are so and so months (sometimes 29 and sometimes 30).” [3]
Likewise, if he has completed his fast for thirty days, then he moves to a country whose people still fast for one day or more, then he must adapt to his fasting. The priority of fasting (starting from 30 days) is sunnah fasting for him. Likewise, they are obliged to adapt when breaking the fast and celebrating Eid al-Fitr, in order to realize the objectives of the Shari’a in uniting Muslims and uniting them in the implementation of religious teachings, as well as keeping them away from everything that can divide and divide their unity. Of course,
hand Lord with public
“The hand of God is with the congregation.” [4]
And knowledge (real) only exists with Allah Ta’ala. The closing of our prayer is all praise to God, the Lord of the worlds. May God bless our Prophet Muhammad, his family, friends and followers until the Day of Judgment.
***
Translator: Fauzan Hidayat
Article Muslim.or.id
Source: https://www.ferkous.app/home/index.php?q=fatwa-500
Footnote:
[1] Narrated by Abu Dawud in his book “Ash-Shaum”, chapter “If a People is Confused about Seeing the Crescent Moon” (no. 2324); At-Tirmidhi in his book “Ash-Shaum” (3: 80), chapter “Regarding that the Day of Breaking the Fast is When People Break the Fast and the Day of Sacrifice is When People Make a Sacrifice” (no. 697); Ibn Majah in the book “Ash-Shyam” (1: 531), chapter “Concerning the Two Months of Eid” (no. 1660), from the hadith of Abu Hurairah May Allah bless him and grant him peace. This hadith was narrated by Al-Albani in “Ash-Shahihah Lineage” (1:45) no. (224), and also by Al-Arna’uth in inspect-against the book “Sharh As-Sunnah” Al-Baghawi’s work (6:248).
[2] Narrated by Al-Baihaqi (no. 8209). Al-Albani considered the sanad good (jayyid) in his book “Ash-Shahihah Lineage” (1/1/442).
[3] Narrated by Al-Bukhari in his book “Ash-Shaum” (4:126), chapter “Words of the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam, ‘We cannot write and we cannot count’” (no. 1913); Muslims in the book “Ash-Shyam” (7: 192), chapter “It is obligatory to fast in Ramadan for seeing the new moon and to break the fast for seeing the new moon; and if at the beginning or end of the month it is cloudy, count the month to thirty days” (no. 1080); and Al-Baghawi in “Sharh As-Sunnah” (6/228), from the hadith of Abdullah bin Umar May Allah bless him and grant him peace.
[4] Narrated by At-Tirmidhi in his book “Al-Fitan”, chapter “Concerning the Obligation to Stand Firm with the Congregation” (no. 2166), from the hadith of Ibn Abbas May Allah bless him and grant him peace. This hadith was narrated by Al-Albani in “Saheeh Al-Jami’” (no. 8065).
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