The secret da’wah phase has lasted approximately three years. During this period, the number of people who accepted Islam continued to increase. Then, how did the Prophet ﷺ start bringing this da’wah to the public space? In this article, we will discuss the beginning of the overt or da’wah phase jahriyyah.
The order alerts the next of kin
One of the initial commands related to preaching openly is the word of Allah Exalted,
وَأَنْذِرْ عَشِيرَتَكَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ
“Give warning to your closest relatives.” (QS. Ash-Syu’ara’: 214)
After the verse came down, Rasulullah ﷺ climbed to Mount Shafa and then shouted,
يَا صَبَاحَاهْ!
“O my people, beware of the danger that threatens!”
The Quraish tribes gathered. Rasulullah ﷺ invited them to monotheify Allah, believe in his apostleship, and believe in the last day.
Imam al-Bukhari narrated part of this story from Ibn ‘Abbas radhiyallahu ‘anhuma. Ibn ‘Abbas radhiyallahu ‘anhuma tells that when the verse came down, the Messenger of Allah climbed to Mount Safa, then called,
يَا بَنِي فِهْرٍ! يَا بَنِي عَدِيٍّ
“O Bani Fihr! O Banu Adi!” and other Quraish tribes until they gathered. In fact, someone who couldn’t attend himself sent someone else to find out what was going on. Abu Lahab was also present at that time. Then Rasulullah ﷺ said,
God willing God willing, God willing, God willing, God willing, God willing.
“What do you think if I told you that there are horsemen in the valley who want to attack you, would you believe me?” They answered,
نَعَمْ، مَا جَرَّبْنَا عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا صِدْقًا
“Yes. We’ve never gotten anything from you but honesty.”
The Prophet also said,
فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ عَذَابٍ شَدِيدٍ
“Indeed, I am a warning to you before the severe punishment comes.”
Abu Lahab then responded, “Woe to you all day! Is this all you gathered us for?” So the word of God came down Exalted,
تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي لَهَبٍ
“Perish both hands of Abu Lahab,” until the end of the surah.
In another history, Imam Muslim narrated from his friend Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu ‘anhu. He said that when surah Asy-Syu’ara’ verse 214 came down, Rasulullah ﷺ called out the Quraysh in general, then mentioned several families and relatives specifically. He said,
يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، أَنْقِذُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ، يَا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي كَعْبٍ، أَنْقِذُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ مِنَ God willing مِنَ النَّارِ، فَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَا أَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ مِنَ may Allah bless him and give him peace and blessings بِبَلَالِهَا
“O all the Quraysh, save yourselves from the fire of hell! O Banu Ka’ab, save yourselves from the fire of hell! O Fatima bint Muhammad, save yourselves from the fire of hell! By Allah, in fact I do not have the slightest power to protect you from the punishment of Allah. It’s just that you have a kinship relationship with me which I will continue to continue as appropriate.”
Also read: Da’wah of the Prophets and Apostles
Meeting of the Bani Hashim in the history of sirah
Some sirah histories also state that after the revelation of surah Asy-Syu’ara’ verse 214, Rasulullah ﷺ invited the Bani Hashim. A number of people from Bani al-Muththalib also attended. In this history, it is quoted that the Prophet ﷺ said,
God bless you God willing, God willing, God willing, God willing خَاصَّةً، وَإِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّةً، وَاللَّهّ كَمَا تَنَامُونَ، وَلَتُبْعَثُنَّ كَمَا تَسْتَيْقِظُونَ، وَلَتُحَاسَبُنَّ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ، وَإِنَّهَا الْجَنَّةُ أَبَدًا أَوِ النَّارُ أَبَدًا.
“Indeed, a spy will not lie to his family. By Allah, there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, indeed I am Allah’s messenger to you in particular and to all humans in general. By Allah, you will indeed die as you sleep, then you will be resurrected as you wake up. You will definitely be held accountable for all your actions. After that, there will only be heaven for eternity or hell for eternity.”
Abu Talib then said, “How happy we are to be able to help you. We accept your advice and really confirm your words. This is your father’s family who have gathered. I am just one of them, but I am the quickest to support what you like. So continue with what you have been ordered to do. By Allah, I will always look after and protect you. It’s just that my soul cannot leave the religion of ‘Abdul Muthtalib.”
Abu Lahab said, “By Allah, this is truly an evil. Prevent him before other people act against you.”
Abu Talib replied, “By Allah, we will continue to protect him as long as we live.”
The details of the speeches and dialogues in this history cannot be confirmed to come from the Prophet ﷺ. However, the main points of his warning to his closest relatives have been established in the authentic hadith of al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Affirmation to convey da’wah openly
In this phase of overt da’wah, Allah also emphasized to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to convey the truth openly and not pay attention to the opposition of the polytheists. Allah Exalted said,
“So convey openly everything that is commanded to you and turn away from the polytheists.” (QS. Al-Hijr: 94)
Sheikh Shafiyurrahman al-Mubarakfuri Rahimahullah explained that the Prophet ﷺ began to expose various falsehoods of shirk after the revelation of this verse. As a result, anger and rejection spread among the people of Mecca. The Quraysh rose up to prepare to extinguish the message of the Prophet ﷺ because they were afraid that the traditions and heritage of their ancestors would be destroyed.
According to al-Mubarakfuri, the Quraish were aware of the enormous consequences of preaching monotheism. Believing that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, confirming the apostleship of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, and believing in the last day means submitting completely to Allah and His Messenger. They are no longer free to act as they please with themselves, their property or other people. This preaching also threatened the power and social pride that had supported their position among the Arab nation. Apart from that, they must abandon tyranny towards the weak in society and can no longer put personal desires before the will of Allah and His Messenger.
Their souls refuse to accept a situation that is considered “humiliating”. This rejection is not for the sake of maintaining glory or goodness, but according to the word of God Exalted,
God willing, God willing, God willing
“In fact, humans will continue to commit immoral acts in the future.” (QS. Al-Qiyamah: 5)
According to al-Mubarakfuri, the Quraysh were confused about facing an honest and trustworthy man, the highest example of human values and moral nobility. Throughout the history of their people and ancestors, they have never known anyone who was comparable to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in honesty and nobility of morals.
After considering various methods, the Quraish polytheists finally decided to approach Abu Talib. They hoped that the Prophet’s uncle ﷺ would be willing to stop his nephew’s increasingly widespread preaching.
How did Abu Talib respond to the demands of the Quraysh? God willing, His story will be discussed in the next article.
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Writer: Fajar Rianto
Article Muslim.or.id
Reference:
ar-Rahīq al-Makhtumby Sheikh Shafiyurrahmān al-Mubārakfūri.
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